The Unofficial Home Page of the New York City Fire Department — Est. 1994 — Created by Don Van Holt, Ret. Ladder Co. 108
Online Since 1994 Before NYC had an official site

Assumptions of Size-Up

The Photo Challenge That Built a Community — 1998

Every month, Don Van Holt posted a photograph of a real fire scene and asked a simple question: What do you see?

Firefighters from across the country — rookies and chiefs, engine men and truck men — wrote in with their tactical assessments. What unfolded was something remarkable: a peer learning community, built from photographs and hard-won experience, at a time before anyone had a name for that kind of thing.

“I realize that you can only get so much information from a photo without actually being there, but let’s give it a try.” — Don Van Holt, October 20, 1998

4
Scenarios
posted

162
Total
responses

'98
Started
October 1998

🌎
Responses from
across the country
& around the world

How It Started

In October 1998, Don Van Holt was scanning an old photograph from his friend Alex Donchin — a top-floor fire in a 4-story wood frame building in Brooklyn — and had an idea. He posted it on the NYFD.com message board and asked members to weigh in on what they saw.

The response was immediate. Lieutenants, rookies, chiefs, and firefighters from departments they'd never heard of all piled in with observations about apparatus positioning, ventilation, life hazard, exposure protection, and building construction. Within days, the message board was alive with the kind of detailed tactical discussion that normally only happened around the kitchen table in a firehouse.

“The more I look at that photo the more I realize that what I and you see in that photo can tell an incoming firefighter what he is looking at and what operations may have to be performed. Our many years of collective experience would be of invaluable benefit to today’s firefighters.” — Don Van Holt, October 1998

By the third scenario — an old law tenement (brownstone) — the page drew 73 responses. Firefighters from Chile wrote in. Young probies thanked the veterans. Veterans learned from questions they'd never thought to ask. It was the most popular thing on the site, and it was all Don’s idea.

The concept was simple, the execution was pure Don: a photograph, a question, and an open door. What came through that door was a generation of firefighters helping each other get better at the job.

❤️

A Family Affair

“This is a great idea. It’s a great way to learn the essentials of size-up!”
Tracy — FireTracy@aol.com — October 23, 1998 — Scenario 1, Response #17

Three days after Don posted the first scenario, his daughter Tracy wrote in with her own response. She was one of 25 people who replied to that first photo — right there in the community her father built.

Scenario 1 — Wood Frame Scenario 2 — New Law Tenement Scenario 3 — Old Law Tenement Scenario 4 — Wood Frame ’99
1

Top Floor Fire — 4-Story Wood Frame

October 1998 25 Responses Brooklyn, NY

The original. A top-floor fire in a 4-story wood frame building — the kind of working fire FDNY companies saw regularly in Brooklyn. Don posted the photo on October 20, 1998. Within hours the first responses came in. The thread ran for days.

Lt. Mike Gala Ladder 148
October 22, 1998
“1) Good ladder positioning. Engines not taking front of bldg. unnecessarily. 2) Roofman should take exposure 2 to roof, freeing aerials for front VES. 3) Exposure 4 looks like it’s not as high as fire building — be careful not to walk off the side. 4) Looks like 6 apts in this bldg. Don’t forget to search the store (even at night). 5) Roof man must examine all shafts and give reports. Fire in the shaft is bad news, particularly in smaller buildings.”
Steve C Ladder 102
October 20, 1998
“That aerial going to the roof might be better placed to the roof of exposure #2. The roofman could then ascend in a safe and smoke-free atmosphere.”
BobH
October 23, 1998
“I also see that a window below the fire was taken and the aerial is, or was, positioned to it. Was this the way the OVM got to the rear fire escape? Does this tell me that there is limited access to the rear of the building?”
BobH
October 23, 1998
“In my area we have found that a front fire escape on a building like this can also mean four apartments per floor. The best way to size up a lot of your buildings is to know them. Drive around. Look. No trip on the rig, be it for a meal or a building inspection, should be just a ride. When something out of the ordinary is found — STOP. Go over it. Drill on it. Especially with the younger members. Forewarned is forearmed.”
Johnny
October 23, 1998
“My thought is re: exposure #2 on the 4th floor — it appears that smoke is coming from between the two buildings and possibly from the adjacent window to the fire building. With numerous apparatus on scene, are any involved in exposure protection and evacuation?”
Jay Cirillo
October 25, 1998
“I remember going to a fire house muster in Baltimore where an FDNY captain was talking about size-up and apparatus placement. Looking at this picture I wonder how the engine companies will enter this structure. I look forward to next month’s photo. I think this is a great idea.”
Bryan Rookie FF
October 1998
“This is an excellent idea, Don. I am a rookie career firefighter, and this will be a great study tool to help along my way — right now and twenty years from now.”
emschick.97
October 23, 1998
“DO MORE!!! This is a great idea. People like me love this stuff. I try to get into this site all the time. It makes my morning.”

2

Six-Story New Law Tenement

November 1998 32 Responses South 4th St. & Keap, Brooklyn — 1970s

Photographs by Alex Donchin, taken in Brooklyn in the 1970s. A six-story new law tenement fully involved. By now, the community knew what was coming each month and came ready.

Gill Young Firefighter
November 1998
“I’m just a young fireman — not much experience. From what I can see in the photo, start thinking about life safety first. Will this require more units for rescue, fire suppression, salvage and overhaul? Just some thoughts.”
Lawrence R. Di Camillo
November 1998
“Primary search of the fire floor as well as the floors above is paramount. With the fire escape in the front of the building I notice that there is nobody actively moving down towards the ground — possibly indicating a vacant building. Any upward extension from the fire floor also needs to be checked quickly before it gets too far ahead.”
Fred
November 1998
“It looks like there are many windows open with no one hanging out of them. The building appears to have been open to the elements for some time — the threat of collapse is always present. Any building within the collapse zone should be evacuated if the fire progresses further.”
Gonzalo J. Andrade Viña del Mar, Chile 🇨🇱
November 1998
“Hello NYFD! I’m a firefighter from Viña del Mar, Chile, South America. Congratulations for your page — it is very interesting and the topics always change. I would love to share photos of forest fires from my country.”
Bob H.
November 1998
“Hey fellas, where are you all? After this page started I thought we’d see much more input. I mean, there is still plenty of Monday morning quarterbacking going on around the firehouse kitchen. How about some input here! Stay safe.”

3

Old Law Tenement — Brownstone Type

December 1998 73 Responses — The most popular scenario

The old law tenement — the brownstone — is the most iconic building type in New York City firefighting. This scenario drew 73 responses, the most of any month. Clearly, this building type struck a nerve.

Bob H.
December 1998
“Looks to me like a vacant building — tinned-up windows on fire escapes. No one is getting too excited. Note: chief standing with hands in pockets. If we had this today, we can expect all the obvious dangers they faced twenty-five or so years ago and more. It is, after all, twenty-five years older now, exposed to the elements, previous fires, vandalism. I’d look to make it an outside operation and protect exposures.”
Jerry
December 1998
“With the tower ladder in operation and the stick to the roof — isolated building, it’s imperative the roof man makes the roof, vents, and gives a survey. Tower ladder in flanking position can cover both sides of the building for egress for trapped occupants.”
Narimatsu 19 years old, no experience
December 1998
“I’m only 19 and have no experience in firefighting but have read numerous books. If you were the arriving company, wouldn’t you confer with your captain or officer — life safety first, then looking for further exposures. Only as a novice looks at the picture — so if these thoughts are totally wrong, please understand that I come only from knowledge I have read.”
Jay C.
December 1998
“As for me, if I’m the incoming FF, I see charged supply lines and we are getting ready for a ladder truck attack. I see a stream coming from somewhere — maybe a stang gun (deluge). I think this is fun, and I can’t wait for next month’s photo.”
Chris Wood Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority 🇨🇦
December 1998
“I work as fire and safety officer of the Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority and would be interested in exchanging ideas and information with any FDNY troops that cover the NYC housing authority scene.”

4

Wood Frame Building

November 1999 23 Responses 6-Story New Law Tenement, 3rd Floor — 1969

The final scenario. By 1999, Don had added password protection to keep the quality of responses high. He shared a historic black-and-white photograph from 1969. John T. Vigiano himself weighed in.

Bob Higgins
1999
“I see what appears to be fire on the 2nd floor nearer the 4-side of the building. As this is a black and white photo, I can’t tell what color the smoke is exactly, but it appears to me this is after the fire has been knocked.”
Dan Hettrick HQ
1999
“Hey Don, give me a call when you get a chance. I’ll be at HQ Thursday and home Friday. Be Safe!”

The Community Don Built

162
Total
Responses
4
Monthly
Scenarios
73
Responses on
Best Scenario
🌎
Responses from
Chile, Canada & beyond

Rookies and veterans. Engine men and truck men. Firefighters from Brooklyn, from Toronto, from Chile. All learning from one another around a photograph — exactly the way they did around the kitchen table, except the kitchen was the whole world.

Lt. Mike Gala — Ladder 148 John T. Vigiano — FDNY Steve C. — Ladder 102 C. McGuire — Ladder 51 Gonzalo Andrade — Viña del Mar, Chile Chris Wood — Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority Tracy — FireTracy@aol.com And 155 more...

What Comes Next

Don started something in 1998 that was ahead of its time: peer-based, photo-driven, community-powered fire tactics training. Today, that idea has a natural home as a mobile app — putting a fire scene photo in every firefighter’s pocket and asking the same question Don asked twenty-six years ago:

“What do you see?”

A modern Size-Up app could bring Don’s vision to an entirely new generation of firefighters — with expert commentary, continuing education credits, and a community that honors the tradition he started here.

📸 Monthly photo scenarios 💬 Community tactical responses ⭐ Expert commentary 📚 CE credit integration 🏢 Building type library ⏱️ Timed training mode

Coming soon — in honor of Don Van Holt, Ladder Company 108

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